Processo de salinização da barragem de SÃO JOSÉ DO JACUÍPE - BAHIA: um estudo de caso

Abstract

The region of northeastern Brazil has always been related to drought events and lack of water. Some places (states and municipalities) near the coast benefit from a greater contribution of rainfall throughout the year, however, very remote areas of the coast, beyond the fact that they are punished with the lack of rain, still suffer from low quality existing water for human consumption. There are tanks with sufficient volume to meet the water demand in the semi-arid region, because most of the region is located on a crystalline basement, which is very close to the surface. Thus the types of soils are very shallow, limiting the infiltration of rain water that could feed the underground aquifers. A few reservoirs have considerable water capacity, coming close to its maximum capacity at certain times of the year due to the contribution of concentrated rainfall. However, the mere existence of water does not mean that it meets the standards of potability about to be distributed to the people who need it. The phenomenon of evaporation, is also a factor considered in this scenario, because it acts almost throughout the year in the northeastern semi-arid region. This coupled with the very low rainfall, leads to water scarcity for almost the entire region. Many of the dams / barrages that there are reserve water, but by natural and / or anthropogenic processes are becoming brackish and unfit for consumption. The causes of salinization process that affect some dams in the Northeast, can be derived from the very soil of the region, of human action or even weather events. In this context, this work aims to detect the main factors that lead to the salinization process water dam of São José do Jacuípe, located in the semiarid region of Bahia northeast. This will be done by conducting a literature review, non-structured interviews, collection and analysis of waters of the dam of São José do Jacuípe and other nearby dams. The results of the analysis of these samples clearly showed the difference in concentration of diluted salt in each of the dams and the importance of the depth and extension of the São José do Jacuípe dam in the process of salinization of the waters.