Estratégia de gerenciamento de energia de microrrede baseada em algoritmo de otimização global

Abstract

A microgrid is a set of distributed energy sources, whose main challenge is to mitigate the effects of source intermittency and ensure load dispatch and power control, since these sources are normally renewable and it is not possible to store their primary source of energy. In the present work, it is proposed to develop a microgrid energy management strategy, in order to minimize the operating cost of the microgrid during energy dispatch, without compromising the reliability and energy balance of the system. The microgrid under study is composed of a photovoltaic source, a wind source, a battery bank and loads that must be supplied being connected to the main grid through a limited capacity line transmission. For the ideal operation of this microgrid, the proposed approach was defined in four stages: (1) Modeling and parameterization of renewable sources, to obtain the instantaneous output power of each asset; (2) Problem formulation, to describe the objective function and operation constraints based on economic factors; (4) Load selection, in order to strategically achieve the best operational profile of the microgrid, according to the available generation; (4) Optimization algorithm, to return the optimized output power of the microgrid. The global optimization algorithm “Particle Swarm Optimization” (PSO) was used, taking into account in the objective function the active power provided by the sources, the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) and the daily settlement price (PLD). The results indicate that the use of the PSO algorithm as an energy management strategy is viable and can be very cost-effective for the optimized dispatch of the microgrid, reducing until 25% of the operational daily cost, compared to a rule-based algorithm using droop to ensure the load sharing.